Alert SA-AGAM-06 (Gste)#
This alert reports selection signals on Chromosome 3RL within the region 28,382,941-28,652,998 bp.
Selection signals#
Selection signals overlapping this genome region are shown in the figure below.
Cohorts affected#
Overlapping selection signals are found in the following cohorts.
| Cohort | Country | Region | District | Taxon | Year | Quarter | Sample Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2011 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2011 | 18 | |
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2012 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2012 | 63 | |
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2015 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2015 | 33 | |
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2016 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2016 | 53 | |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / coluzzii / 2012 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | coluzzii | 2012 | 3 | 78 |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / coluzzii / 2014 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | coluzzii | 2014 | 3 | 32 |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / gambiae / 2012 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | gambiae | 2012 | 3 | 73 |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / gambiae / 2014 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | gambiae | 2014 | 3 | 41 |
| Benin / Djougou / coluzzii / 2017 / Q2 | Benin | Donga | Djougou | coluzzii | 2017 | 2 | 78 |
| Benin / Djougou / gambiae / 2017 / Q2 | Benin | Donga | Djougou | gambiae | 2017 | 2 | 30 |
| Benin / Djougou / gambiae / 2017 / Q3 | Benin | Donga | Djougou | gambiae | 2017 | 3 | 34 |
| Benin / Avrankou / coluzzii / 2017 / Q3 | Benin | Oueme | Avrankou | coluzzii | 2017 | 3 | 88 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo / Gbadolite / gambiae / 2015 / Q3 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Nord-Ubangi | Gbadolite | gambiae | 2015 | 3 | 44 |
| Central African Republic / Bangui / gambiae / 1994 / Q1 | Central African Republic | Bangui | Bangui | gambiae | 1994 | 1 | 53 |
| Cote d'Ivoire / Sud-Comoe / gambiae / 2017 / Q3 | Cote d'Ivoire | Comoe | Sud-Comoe | gambiae | 2017 | 3 | 37 |
| Cote d'Ivoire / Agneby-Tiassa / coluzzii / 2012 | Cote d'Ivoire | Lagunes | Agneby-Tiassa | coluzzii | 2012 | 80 | |
| Cameroon / Mayo-Kani / gambiae / 2005 | Cameroon | Far North | Mayo-Kani | gambiae | 2005 | 18 | |
| Cameroon / Haut-Nyong / gambiae / 2009 / Q3 | Cameroon | East | Haut-Nyong | gambiae | 2009 | 3 | 95 |
| Cameroon / Lom-Et-Djerem / gambiae / 2009 / Q3 | Cameroon | East | Lom-Et-Djerem | gambiae | 2009 | 3 | 163 |
| Ghana / Ablekuma Central Municipal / coluzzii / 2018 / Q1 | Ghana | Greater Accra Region | Ablekuma Central Municipal | coluzzii | 2018 | 1 | 266 |
| Ghana / La-Nkwantanang-Madina / gambiae / 2017 / Q4 | Ghana | Greater Accra Region | La-Nkwantanang-Madina | gambiae | 2017 | 4 | 200 |
| Ghana / Adansi Akrofuom / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Adansi Akrofuom | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 64 |
| Ghana / Adansi South / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Adansi South | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 36 |
| Ghana / Adansi South / gambiae / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Adansi South | gambiae | 2018 | 4 | 29 |
| Ghana / Amansie Central / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Amansie Central | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 69 |
| Ghana / Bekwai Municipal / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Bekwai Municipal | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 53 |
| Ghana / Twifo Atti-Morkwa / coluzzii / 2012 / Q3 | Ghana | Central Region | Twifo Atti-Morkwa | coluzzii | 2012 | 3 | 25 |
| Ghana / Upper Denkyira East Municipal / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Central Region | Upper Denkyira East Municipal | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 23 |
| Ghana / Upper Denkyira West / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Central Region | Upper Denkyira West | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 118 |
| Ghana / New Juaben South Municipal / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Ghana | Eastern Region | New Juaben South Municipal | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 23 |
| Ghana / Effia Kwesimintsim Municipal / coluzzii / 2012 / Q3 | Ghana | Western Region | Effia Kwesimintsim Municipal | coluzzii | 2012 | 3 | 24 |
| Guinea / Kissidougou / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Guinea | Faranah | Kissidougou | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 51 |
| Guinea / Macenta / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Guinea | Nzerekore | Macenta | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 51 |
| Mali / Kati / coluzzii / 2014 / Q3 | Mali | Koulikouro | Kati | coluzzii | 2014 | 3 | 27 |
| Mali / Kati / gambiae / 2014 / Q3 | Mali | Koulikouro | Kati | gambiae | 2014 | 3 | 24 |
| Mali / Yanfolila / coluzzii / 2012 / Q4 | Mali | Sikasso | Yanfolila | coluzzii | 2012 | 4 | 23 |
| Mali / Yanfolila / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Mali | Sikasso | Yanfolila | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 53 |
| Mali / Bla / coluzzii / 2004 / Q3 | Mali | Segou | Bla | coluzzii | 2004 | 3 | 19 |
| Uganda / Busia / gambiae / 2016 / Q2 | Uganda | Eastern Region | Busia | gambiae | 2016 | 2 | 24 |
| Uganda / Tororo / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Uganda | Eastern Region | Tororo | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 112 |
| Uganda / Kanungu / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Uganda | Western Region | Kanungu | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 95 |
Insecticide resistance genes#
The following genes are found within this genome region and may be driving recent positive selection based on evidence for an association with insecticide resistance. Please note that other genes are also within the affected genome region and may be driving selection.
AGAP009194 (Gste2)#
This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase enzyme which is assocated with DDT, pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance. Copy number variation spanning this gene has been observed in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii. See also:
Ranson et al. (2001) Identification of a novel class of insect glutathione S-transferases involved in resistance to DDT in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
Ding et al. (2003) The Anopheles gambiae glutathione transferase supergene family: annotation, phylogeny and expression profiles
Mitchell et al. (2014) Metabolic and target-site mechanisms combine to confer strong DDT resistance in Anopheles gambiae
Riveron et al. (2014) A single mutation in the GSTe2 gene allows tracking of metabolically based insecticide resistance in a major malaria vector
Lucas et al. (2019) Whole-genome sequencing reveals high complexity of copy number variation at insecticide resistance loci in malaria mosquitoes
Adolfi et al. (2019) Functional genetic validation of key genes conferring insecticide resistance in the major African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae
See also#
Anopheles funestus selection alert SA-AFUN-03.