Alert SA-AGAM-02 (Ace1)

Alert SA-AGAM-02 (Ace1)#

This alert reports selection signals on Chromosome 2RL within the region 3,298,461-3,757,532 bp.

Selection signals#

Selection signals overlapping this genome region are shown in the figure below.

Cohorts affected#

Overlapping selection signals are found in the following cohorts.

Table 1. Cohorts with selection signals overlapping this selection alert.
Cohort Country Region District Taxon Year Quarter Sample Size
Cote d'Ivoire / Sud-Comoe / gambiae / 2017 / Q3 Cote d'Ivoire Comoe Sud-Comoe gambiae 2017 3 37
Cote d'Ivoire / Agneby-Tiassa / coluzzii / 2012 Cote d'Ivoire Lagunes Agneby-Tiassa coluzzii 2012 80
Ghana / Ablekuma Central Municipal / coluzzii / 2018 / Q1 Ghana Greater Accra Region Ablekuma Central Municipal coluzzii 2018 1 266
Ghana / La-Nkwantanang-Madina / gambiae / 2017 / Q4 Ghana Greater Accra Region La-Nkwantanang-Madina gambiae 2017 4 200
Ghana / Adansi South / gambiae / 2018 / Q4 Ghana Ashanti Region Adansi South gambiae 2018 4 29
Ghana / New Juaben South Municipal / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 Ghana Eastern Region New Juaben South Municipal gambiae 2012 4 23
Mali / Kangaba / gambiae / 2004 / Q3 Mali Koulikouro Kangaba gambiae 2004 3 23

Insecticide resistance genes#

The following genes are found within this genome region and may be driving recent positive selection based on evidence for an association with insecticide resistance. Please note that other genes are also within the affected genome region and may be driving selection.

AGAP001356 (Ace1)#

This gene encodes an acetylcholinesterase enzyme wich is the binding target of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Variants in this gene are associated with insecticide resistance, including the G280S mutation (also known as G119S in Torpedo californica codon numbering) and copy number variation. See also:

  • Weill et al. (2003) Insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors

  • Weill et al. (2004) The unique mutation in ace-1 giving high insecticide resistance is easily detectable in mosquito vectors

  • Fournier (2005) Mutations of acetylcholinesterase which confer insecticide resistance in insect populations

  • Oakeshott et al. (2005) Comparing the organophosphorus and carbamate insecticide resistance mutations in cholin- and carboxyl-esterases

  • Labbé et al. (2007) Independent duplications of the acetylcholinesterase gene conferring insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens

  • Weetman et al. (2015) Contemporary evolution of resistance at the major insecticide target site gene Ace-1 by mutation and copy number variation in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

  • Cheung et al. (2018) Structure of the G119S Mutant Acetylcholinesterase of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae Reveals Basis of Insecticide Resistance

  • Grau-Bove et al. (2021) Resistance to pirimiphos-methyl in West African Anopheles is spreading via duplication and introgression of the Ace1 locus

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