Alert SA-AGAM-05 (Cyp9k1)#
This alert reports selection signals on Chromosome X within the region 14,992,258-15,583,310 bp.
Selection signals#
Selection signals overlapping this genome region are shown in the figure below.
Cohorts affected#
Overlapping selection signals are found in the following cohorts.
| Cohort | Country | Region | District | Taxon | Year | Quarter | Sample Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2011 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2011 | 18 | |
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2012 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2012 | 63 | |
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2015 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2015 | 33 | |
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2016 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2016 | 53 | |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / coluzzii / 2012 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | coluzzii | 2012 | 3 | 78 |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / coluzzii / 2014 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | coluzzii | 2014 | 3 | 32 |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / gambiae / 2012 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | gambiae | 2012 | 3 | 73 |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / gambiae / 2014 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | gambiae | 2014 | 3 | 41 |
| Benin / Djougou / coluzzii / 2017 / Q2 | Benin | Donga | Djougou | coluzzii | 2017 | 2 | 78 |
| Benin / Djougou / gambiae / 2017 / Q2 | Benin | Donga | Djougou | gambiae | 2017 | 2 | 30 |
| Benin / Djougou / gambiae / 2017 / Q3 | Benin | Donga | Djougou | gambiae | 2017 | 3 | 34 |
| Benin / Avrankou / coluzzii / 2017 / Q3 | Benin | Oueme | Avrankou | coluzzii | 2017 | 3 | 88 |
| Cote d'Ivoire / Sud-Comoe / gambiae / 2017 / Q3 | Cote d'Ivoire | Comoe | Sud-Comoe | gambiae | 2017 | 3 | 37 |
| Cote d'Ivoire / Agneby-Tiassa / coluzzii / 2012 | Cote d'Ivoire | Lagunes | Agneby-Tiassa | coluzzii | 2012 | 80 | |
| Ghana / Ablekuma Central Municipal / coluzzii / 2018 / Q1 | Ghana | Greater Accra Region | Ablekuma Central Municipal | coluzzii | 2018 | 1 | 266 |
| Ghana / La-Nkwantanang-Madina / gambiae / 2017 / Q4 | Ghana | Greater Accra Region | La-Nkwantanang-Madina | gambiae | 2017 | 4 | 200 |
| Ghana / Adansi Akrofuom / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Adansi Akrofuom | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 64 |
| Ghana / Adansi South / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Adansi South | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 36 |
| Ghana / Adansi South / gambiae / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Adansi South | gambiae | 2018 | 4 | 29 |
| Ghana / Amansie Central / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Amansie Central | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 69 |
| Ghana / Bekwai Municipal / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Bekwai Municipal | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 53 |
| Ghana / Twifo Atti-Morkwa / coluzzii / 2012 / Q3 | Ghana | Central Region | Twifo Atti-Morkwa | coluzzii | 2012 | 3 | 25 |
| Ghana / Upper Denkyira East Municipal / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Central Region | Upper Denkyira East Municipal | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 23 |
| Ghana / Upper Denkyira West / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Central Region | Upper Denkyira West | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 118 |
| Ghana / New Juaben South Municipal / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Ghana | Eastern Region | New Juaben South Municipal | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 23 |
| Ghana / Effia Kwesimintsim Municipal / coluzzii / 2012 / Q3 | Ghana | Western Region | Effia Kwesimintsim Municipal | coluzzii | 2012 | 3 | 24 |
| Gambia, The / Lower Fuladu West / coluzzii / 2012 / Q4 | Gambia, The | Janjanbureh | Lower Fuladu West | coluzzii | 2012 | 4 | 172 |
| Guinea / Kissidougou / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Guinea | Faranah | Kissidougou | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 51 |
| Guinea / Macenta / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Guinea | Nzerekore | Macenta | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 51 |
| Mali / Kati / coluzzii / 2014 / Q3 | Mali | Koulikouro | Kati | coluzzii | 2014 | 3 | 27 |
| Mali / Kati / gambiae / 2014 / Q3 | Mali | Koulikouro | Kati | gambiae | 2014 | 3 | 24 |
| Mali / Yanfolila / coluzzii / 2012 / Q4 | Mali | Sikasso | Yanfolila | coluzzii | 2012 | 4 | 23 |
| Mali / Yanfolila / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Mali | Sikasso | Yanfolila | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 53 |
| Mali / Bla / coluzzii / 2004 / Q3 | Mali | Segou | Bla | coluzzii | 2004 | 3 | 19 |
| Uganda / Kalangala / gambiae / 2015 / Q2 | Uganda | Central Region | Kalangala | gambiae | 2015 | 2 | 60 |
| Uganda / Busia / gambiae / 2016 / Q2 | Uganda | Eastern Region | Busia | gambiae | 2016 | 2 | 24 |
| Uganda / Mayuge / gambiae / 2017 / Q2 | Uganda | Eastern Region | Mayuge | gambiae | 2017 | 2 | 21 |
| Uganda / Tororo / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Uganda | Eastern Region | Tororo | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 112 |
| Uganda / Kanungu / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Uganda | Western Region | Kanungu | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 95 |
Insecticide resistance genes#
The following genes are found within this genome region and may be driving recent positive selection based on evidence for an association with insecticide resistance. Please note that other genes are also within the affected genome region and may be driving selection.
AGAP000818 (Cyp9k1)#
This gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme which is associated with pyrethroid resistance through increased expression and where copy number variation has been observed in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii. See also:
Main et al. (2015) Complex genome evolution in Anopheles coluzzii associated with increased insecticide usage in Mali
Main et al. (2018) Genetic variation associated with increased insecticide resistance in the malaria mosquito, Anopheles coluzzii
Vontas et al. (2018) Rapid selection of a pyrethroid metabolic enzyme CYP9K1 by operational malaria control activities
Lucas et al. (2019) Whole-genome sequencing reveals high complexity of copy number variation at insecticide resistance loci in malaria mosquitoes
Tennessen et al. (2020) A population genomic unveiling of a new cryptic mosquito taxon within the malaria-transmitting Anopheles gambiae complex
Lucas et al. (2023) Genome-wide association studies reveal novel loci associated with pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii
See also#
Anopheles funestus selection alert SA-AFUN-02.