Alert SA-AFUN-02 (Cyp9k1)

Alert SA-AFUN-02 (Cyp9k1)#

This alert reports selection signals on Chromosome X within the region 8,426,728-8,602,567 bp.

Selection signals#

Selection signals overlapping this genome region are shown in the figure below.

Cohorts affected#

Overlapping selection signals are found in the following cohorts.

Table 1. Cohorts with selection signals overlapping this selection alert.
Cohort Country Region District Taxon Year Quarter Sample Size
Democratic Republic of the Congo / Watsa / funestus / 2017 / Q4 Democratic Republic of the Congo Upper Uele Watsa funestus 2017 4 43
Kenya / Mt. Elgon / funestus / 2016 / Q4 Kenya Bungoma Mt. Elgon funestus 2016 4 21
Kenya / Nyando / funestus / 2014 / Q2 Kenya Kisumu Nyando funestus 2014 2 35
Nigeria / Remo North / funestus / 2015 / Q1 Nigeria Ogun Remo North funestus 2015 1 41
Uganda / Tororo / funestus / 2014 / Q2 Uganda Eastern Region Tororo funestus 2014 2 49

Insecticide resistance genes#

The following genes are found within this genome region and may be driving recent positive selection based on evidence for an association with insecticide resistance. Please note that other genes are also within the affected genome region and may be driving selection.

LOC125764232 (Cyp9k1, AFUN2_005813, AFUN007549)#

This gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme and has been assocated with pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus. The ortholog of this gene in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii is also associated with pyrethroid resistance. See also:

  • Weedall et al. (2020) An Africa-wide genomic evolution of insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus involves selective sweeps, copy number variations, gene conversion and transposons

  • Hearn et al. (2022) Multi-omics analysis identifies a CYP9K1 haplotype conferring pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in East Africa

  • Oruni et al. (2024) Temporal evolution of insecticide resistance and bionomics in Anopheles funestus, a key malaria vector in Uganda

  • Djoko Tagne et al. (2025) A single mutation G454A in the P450 CYP9K1 drives pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus reducing bed net efficacy

See also#

  • Anopheles gambiae complex selection alert SA-AGAM-05.

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