Alert SA-AFUN-01 (Cyp6p)

Contents

Alert SA-AFUN-01 (Cyp6p)#

This alert reports selection signals on Chromosome 2RL within the region 8,499,270-8,818,655 bp.

Selection signals#

Selection signals overlapping this genome region are shown in the figure below.

Cohorts affected#

Overlapping selection signals are found in the following cohorts.

Table 1. Cohorts with selection signals overlapping this selection alert.
Cohort Country Region District Taxon Year Quarter Sample Size
Benin / Ouidah / funestus / 2014 / Q2 Benin Atlanique Ouidah funestus 2014 2 37
Democratic Republic of the Congo / Watsa / funestus / 2017 / Q4 Democratic Republic of the Congo Upper Uele Watsa funestus 2017 4 43
Democratic Republic of the Congo / Kinshasa / funestus / 2015 / Q2 Democratic Republic of the Congo Kinshasa Kinshasa funestus 2015 2 34
Cameroon / Mayo-Banyo / funestus / 2014 / Q3 Cameroon Adamaoua Mayo-Banyo funestus 2014 3 45
Ghana / Adansi Akrofuom / funestus / 2014 / Q1 Ghana Ashanti Region Adansi Akrofuom funestus 2014 1 31
Kenya / Mt. Elgon / funestus / 2016 / Q4 Kenya Bungoma Mt. Elgon funestus 2016 4 21
Kenya / Nyando / funestus / 2014 / Q2 Kenya Kisumu Nyando funestus 2014 2 35
Mozambique / Manhiça / funestus / 2018 / Q1 Mozambique Maputo Manhiça funestus 2018 1 58
Mozambique / Palma / funestus / 2015 / Q3 Mozambique Cabo Delgado Palma funestus 2015 3 40
Nigeria / Remo North / funestus / 2015 / Q1 Nigeria Ogun Remo North funestus 2015 1 41
Uganda / Tororo / funestus / 2014 / Q2 Uganda Eastern Region Tororo funestus 2014 2 49
Zambia / Sinda / funestus / 2016 / Q3 Zambia Eastern Sinda funestus 2016 3 43

Insecticide resistance genes#

The following genes are found within this genome region and may be driving recent positive selection based on evidence for an association with insecticide resistance. Please note that other genes are also within the affected genome region and may be driving selection.

LOC125764713 (Cyp6p9a, Cyp6p9b, AFUN2_008570, AFUN015792, AFUN015889)#

This gene annotation in the AfunGA1 reference genome likely contains two genes known as Cyp6p9a and Cyp6p9b. These genes encode cytochrome P450 enzymes which have been assocated with pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in Anopheles funestus. See also:

  • Wondji et al. (2007) Mapping a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) conferring pyrethroid resistance in the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus

  • Riveron et al. (2012) Directionally selected cytochrome P450 alleles are driving the spread of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus

  • Mugenzi et al. (2019) Cis-regulatory CYP6P9b P450 variants associated with loss of insecticide-treated bed net efficacy against Anopheles funestus

  • Weedall et al. (2019) A cytochrome P450 allele confers pyrethroid resistance on a major African malaria vector, reducing insecticide-treated bednet efficacy

  • Weedall et al. (2020) An Africa-wide genomic evolution of insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus involves selective sweeps, copy number variations, gene conversion and transposons

  • Mugenzi et al. (2023) The duplicated P450s CYP6P9a/b drive carbamates and pyrethroids cross-resistance in the major African malaria vector Anopheles funestus

  • Mugenzi et al. (2024) Association of a rapidly selected 4.3kb transposon-containing structural variation with a P450-based resistance to pyrethroids in the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus

  • Gadji et al. (2024) Genome-wide association studies unveil major genetic loci driving insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus in four eco-geographical settings across Cameroon

  • Oruni et al. (2024) Temporal evolution of insecticide resistance and bionomics in Anopheles funestus, a key malaria vector in Uganda

AFUN2_013390 (Cyp6p4a, LOC125764712, AFUN020895)#

This gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme which has been assocated with pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus. See also:

  • Wondji et al. (2007) Mapping a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) conferring pyrethroid resistance in the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus

  • Tatchou-Nebangwa et al. (2024) Two highly selected mutations in the tandemly duplicated CYP6P4a and CYP6P4b genes drive pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus in West Africa

AFUN2_014070 (Cyp6p4b, LOC125764711, AFUN019365)#

This gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme which has been assocated with pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus. See also:

  • Wondji et al. (2007) Mapping a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) conferring pyrethroid resistance in the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus

  • Tatchou-Nebangwa et al. (2024) Two highly selected mutations in the tandemly duplicated CYP6P4a and CYP6P4b genes drive pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus in West Africa

See also#

  • Anopheles gambiae complex selection alert SA-AGAM-04.

Contents