Alert SA-AFUN-03 (Gste)

Alert SA-AFUN-03 (Gste)#

This alert reports selection signals on Chromosome 2RL within the region 76,329,285-76,586,750 bp.

Selection signals#

Selection signals overlapping this genome region are shown in the figure below.

Cohorts affected#

Overlapping selection signals are found in the following cohorts.

Table 1. Cohorts with selection signals overlapping this selection alert.
Cohort	Country	Region	District	Taxon	Year	Quarter	Sample Size
Benin / Ouidah / funestus / 2014 / Q2	Benin	Atlanique	Ouidah	funestus	2014	2	37
Democratic Republic of the Congo / Kinshasa / funestus / 2015 / Q2	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Kinshasa	Kinshasa	funestus	2015	2	34
Ghana / Adansi Akrofuom / funestus / 2014 / Q1	Ghana	Ashanti Region	Adansi Akrofuom	funestus	2014	1	31
Nigeria / Remo North / funestus / 2015 / Q1	Nigeria	Ogun	Remo North	funestus	2015	1	41

Insecticide resistance genes#

The following genes are found within this genome region and may be driving recent positive selection based on evidence for an association with insecticide resistance. Please note that other genes are also within the affected genome region and may be driving selection.

LOC125763977 (Gste2, AFUN2_012779, AFUN015809)#

This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase enzyme. Variants in this gene have been associated with DDT and pyrethroid insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus. See also:

Riveron et al. (2014) A single mutation in the GSTe2 gene allows tracking of metabolically based insecticide resistance in a major malaria vector
Tchouaki et al. (2019) A marker of glutathione S-transferase-mediated resistance to insecticides is associated with higher Plasmodium infection in the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus
Kouamo et al. (2021) Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis and Functional Validation Linked a Cluster of Epsilon Glutathione S-Transferases with Insecticide Resistance in the Major Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus across Africa