Alert SA-AGAM-04 (Cyp6aa/Cyp6p)#
This alert reports selection signals on Chromosome 2RL within the region 28,253,772-28,833,846 bp.
Selection signals#
Selection signals overlapping this genome region are shown in the figure below.
Cohorts affected#
Overlapping selection signals are found in the following cohorts.
| Cohort | Country | Region | District | Taxon | Year | Quarter | Sample Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2011 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2011 | 18 | |
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2012 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2012 | 63 | |
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2015 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2015 | 33 | |
| Burkina Faso / Comoe / coluzzii / 2016 | Burkina Faso | Cascades | Comoe | coluzzii | 2016 | 53 | |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / coluzzii / 2012 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | coluzzii | 2012 | 3 | 78 |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / coluzzii / 2014 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | coluzzii | 2014 | 3 | 32 |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / gambiae / 2012 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | gambiae | 2012 | 3 | 73 |
| Burkina Faso / Houet / gambiae / 2014 / Q3 | Burkina Faso | Hauts-Bassins | Houet | gambiae | 2014 | 3 | 41 |
| Benin / Djougou / coluzzii / 2017 / Q2 | Benin | Donga | Djougou | coluzzii | 2017 | 2 | 78 |
| Benin / Djougou / gambiae / 2017 / Q2 | Benin | Donga | Djougou | gambiae | 2017 | 2 | 30 |
| Benin / Djougou / gambiae / 2017 / Q3 | Benin | Donga | Djougou | gambiae | 2017 | 3 | 34 |
| Benin / Avrankou / coluzzii / 2017 / Q3 | Benin | Oueme | Avrankou | coluzzii | 2017 | 3 | 88 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo / Gbadolite / gambiae / 2015 / Q3 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Nord-Ubangi | Gbadolite | gambiae | 2015 | 3 | 44 |
| Cote d'Ivoire / Sud-Comoe / gambiae / 2017 / Q3 | Cote d'Ivoire | Comoe | Sud-Comoe | gambiae | 2017 | 3 | 37 |
| Cote d'Ivoire / Agneby-Tiassa / coluzzii / 2012 | Cote d'Ivoire | Lagunes | Agneby-Tiassa | coluzzii | 2012 | 80 | |
| Cameroon / Haut-Nyong / gambiae / 2009 / Q3 | Cameroon | East | Haut-Nyong | gambiae | 2009 | 3 | 95 |
| Cameroon / Lom-Et-Djerem / gambiae / 2009 / Q3 | Cameroon | East | Lom-Et-Djerem | gambiae | 2009 | 3 | 163 |
| Ghana / La-Nkwantanang-Madina / gambiae / 2017 / Q4 | Ghana | Greater Accra Region | La-Nkwantanang-Madina | gambiae | 2017 | 4 | 200 |
| Ghana / Adansi Akrofuom / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Adansi Akrofuom | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 64 |
| Ghana / Adansi South / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Adansi South | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 36 |
| Ghana / Adansi South / gambiae / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Adansi South | gambiae | 2018 | 4 | 29 |
| Ghana / Amansie Central / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Amansie Central | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 69 |
| Ghana / Bekwai Municipal / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Ashanti Region | Bekwai Municipal | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 53 |
| Ghana / Upper Denkyira East Municipal / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Central Region | Upper Denkyira East Municipal | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 23 |
| Ghana / Upper Denkyira West / coluzzii / 2018 / Q4 | Ghana | Central Region | Upper Denkyira West | coluzzii | 2018 | 4 | 118 |
| Ghana / New Juaben South Municipal / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Ghana | Eastern Region | New Juaben South Municipal | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 23 |
| Gambia, The / Lower Fuladu West / coluzzii / 2012 / Q4 | Gambia, The | Janjanbureh | Lower Fuladu West | coluzzii | 2012 | 4 | 172 |
| Gambia, The / Central Badibu / bissau / 2011 / Q3 | Gambia, The | Kerewan | Central Badibu | bissau | 2011 | 3 | 52 |
| Guinea / Kissidougou / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Guinea | Faranah | Kissidougou | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 51 |
| Guinea / Macenta / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Guinea | Nzerekore | Macenta | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 51 |
| Mali / Kangaba / gambiae / 2004 / Q3 | Mali | Koulikouro | Kangaba | gambiae | 2004 | 3 | 23 |
| Mali / Kati / coluzzii / 2014 / Q3 | Mali | Koulikouro | Kati | coluzzii | 2014 | 3 | 27 |
| Mali / Kati / gambiae / 2014 / Q3 | Mali | Koulikouro | Kati | gambiae | 2014 | 3 | 24 |
| Mali / Yanfolila / coluzzii / 2012 / Q4 | Mali | Sikasso | Yanfolila | coluzzii | 2012 | 4 | 23 |
| Mali / Yanfolila / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Mali | Sikasso | Yanfolila | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 53 |
| Malawi / Chikwawa / arabiensis / 2015 / Q2 | Malawi | Southern Region | Chikwawa | arabiensis | 2015 | 2 | 41 |
| Tanzania / Muleba / arabiensis / 2015 / Q1 | Tanzania | Kagera | Muleba | arabiensis | 2015 | 1 | 39 |
| Tanzania / Muleba / arabiensis / 2015 / Q2 | Tanzania | Kagera | Muleba | arabiensis | 2015 | 2 | 98 |
| Tanzania / Muleba / gambiae / 2015 / Q2 | Tanzania | Kagera | Muleba | gambiae | 2015 | 2 | 18 |
| Tanzania / Tarime / arabiensis / 2012 / Q3 | Tanzania | Mara | Tarime | arabiensis | 2012 | 3 | 47 |
| Tanzania / Moshi / arabiensis / 2012 / Q3 | Tanzania | Manyara | Moshi | arabiensis | 2012 | 3 | 39 |
| Uganda / Kalangala / gambiae / 2015 / Q2 | Uganda | Central Region | Kalangala | gambiae | 2015 | 2 | 60 |
| Uganda / Busia / gambiae / 2016 / Q2 | Uganda | Eastern Region | Busia | gambiae | 2016 | 2 | 24 |
| Uganda / Mayuge / gambiae / 2017 / Q2 | Uganda | Eastern Region | Mayuge | gambiae | 2017 | 2 | 21 |
| Uganda / Tororo / arabiensis / 2012 / Q4 | Uganda | Eastern Region | Tororo | arabiensis | 2012 | 4 | 81 |
| Uganda / Tororo / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Uganda | Eastern Region | Tororo | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 112 |
| Uganda / Kanungu / gambiae / 2012 / Q4 | Uganda | Western Region | Kanungu | gambiae | 2012 | 4 | 95 |
Insecticide resistance genes#
The following genes are found within this genome region and may be driving recent positive selection based on evidence for an association with insecticide resistance. Please note that other genes are also within the affected genome region and may be driving selection.
AGAP002862 (Cyp6aa1)#
This gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme where spanning copy number variants are found in populations of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles arabiensis and variants have been associated with pyrethroid resistance. See also:
Lucas et al. (2019) Whole-genome sequencing reveals high complexity of copy number variation at insecticide resistance loci in malaria mosquitoes
Njoroge et al. (2022) Identification of a rapidly-spreading triple mutant for high-level metabolic insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae provides a real-time molecular diagnostic for antimalarial intervention deployment
Lucas et al. (2023) Genome-wide association studies reveal novel loci associated with pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii
Lucas et al. (2024) Copy number variants underlie major selective sweeps in insecticide resistance genes in Anopheles arabiensis
AGAP002865 (Cyp6p3)#
This gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme where spanning copy number variants are found in populations of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles arabiensis, and which has been associated with pyrethroid resistance. See also:
Müller et al. (2008) Field-Caught Permethrin-Resistant Anopheles gambiae Overexpress CYP6P3, a P450 That Metabolises Pyrethroids
Yunta et al. (2019) Cross-resistance profiles of malaria mosquito P450s associated with pyrethroid resistance against WHO insecticides
Lucas et al. (2019) Whole-genome sequencing reveals high complexity of copy number variation at insecticide resistance loci in malaria mosquitoes
Adolfi et al. (2019) Functional genetic validation of key genes conferring insecticide resistance in the major African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae
Lucas et al. (2024) Copy number variants underlie major selective sweeps in insecticide resistance genes in Anopheles arabiensis
See also#
Anopheles funestus selection alert SA-AFUN-01.